BRANCHES OF BOTANY


        Botany deals with the study of plant. In this branch of science, we study  their size, external and internal structure, cell structure, cell division, physiological process e.g., respiration, photosynthesis etc.

On the basis of above-mentioned fact botany can be divided into following branches:

  1. Morphology: Study of the form and structure of plants. It is based upon the  external form and structure of plant is called External Morphology.
  2. Anatomy: The study of Internal structure of plants with the help of section  cutting is called Internal Morphology or Anatomy.
  3. Histology: Study of the Cells and Tissue with the help of microscope is called Histology.
  4. Cytology: Detailed study of the cells is called cytology. It includes structure, function of different organelles with the help of electron microscope.
  5. Plant Physiology: The study of the various vital activities of the plant. All chemical and physical changes taking place in the cell and any exchange of substances between the cell and its environment are called vital activities of the cell, e.g., Photosynthesis, Respiration.
  6. Plant Ecology: Plant ecology studies the distribution of plants, how do the environmental factors affect plants and the interaction between plants and other organisms.
  7. Taxonomy: The plants are classified according to their characteristics  and interrelationship. With the help of the plant taxonomy we are able to identify the plants and known their characters.
  8. Plant Pathology: This branch includes different types of disease of      plants, their symptoms, causal agent and method of control.
  9. Genetics: A study of the heredity and variations.
  10. Plant Breeding: The branch of botany dealing with the development of improved varieties of plants.
  11. Paleobotany: The study of the fossil plants. Paleobotany is of importance because the record of fossil plants helps understand the long process of    plant evolution. 
  12. Economic Botany: In this branch of botany we study the plants with reference to their products. Which plants produce medicines, gums, oils, fibers, fuel, wood etc., are studied under this branch.
  13. Biochemistry (Phytochemistry): Study of the chemistry of plants.
  14. Biophysics: Study of the plant activities on the basis of physics principles.
  15. Biometrics: Statistical analysis of different results of biological experiments.
  16. Microbiology: Study of the microorganisms. It includes the study of the fungi, bacteria, virus in relation to plants.
  17. Molecular Biology: Study of the biochemistry at molecular level.
  18. Palynology: Study of the pollen grain in relation to taxonomy and evolution.
  19. Genetic Engineering: Adding, removing or repairing part of genetic material, thereby changing the phenotype of organism as desired.
  20. Mycology: The study of the fungi, including their genetic and        biochemical properties.
  21. Ethnobotany: Study of the relationships between people, the life forms surrounding them, and the environment in which they live, in the past or present.
  22. Pomology: The study of the Cultivates fruit.
  23. Forestry: The science of striding and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources.
  24. Agronomy: It is the science which deals with the crop plants.
  25. Horticulture: It is science which deals with the study of flowering and fruiting plants.
  26. Pharmacognosy: It is the branch of science dealing with the medicinal plants.
  27. Pedology: It is the science dealing with the study of soil.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Must fact about Barmasi (Sadabahar)

Image
Scientific Name:  Catharanthus roseus/ Vinca rosea Gujarati Name: Barmasi  Hindi Name: Sadabahar  Catharanthus roseus is a genus of phanerogams in the family Apocynaceae. It is an evergreen sub shrub or herbaceous plant growing. It is commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle, Sadabahar, Barmasi, Cape periwinkle.  It is widely cultivated as ornamental plant and is naturalized     in subtropical and tropical areas like that North America, India, Bangladesh, Australia, Malaysia, Pakistan. Vinca is one of the widely praised herbs due to the goodness of health benefits innate.   It is quite hardy up to 3ft heights. The  Stems  are brownish green, silky and glossy with latex.  Leaves  are simple, oval shaped, oblong and obovate margin, acute or obtuse apex and oppositely arranged.  Flowers  are usually solitary or cymose axillary cluster, are round and flat with an eye in the ...
Read more

Medicinal Properties of the Neem

Image
NEEM  "THE MIRACLE TREE" Scientific Name: Azadirachta indica Gujarati Name: Kadvo Limdo Hindi Name: Neem Neem plant is tree. The leaves, bark, flower, fruit, twigs and seed are used to make medicine. Neem leaves are used for Eye disorders, leprosy, bloody nose, intestinal worms, skin problem, diabetes, liver problem, stomach upset, birth control and cause abortion. NEEM LEAF The Bark is used for Malaria, Stomach and intestinal ulcers, Skin disease, pain and fever. NEEM BARK The Flower is used for reducing Bile, controlling Phlegm ( कफ ), and treating intestinal worms. NEEM FLOWER The Fruit is used for hemorrhoids, intestinal worms, phlegm ( कफ ). eye disorders, diabetes, wounds and leprosy  ( कुष्ठ रोग ) and urinary tract disorders.  NEEM FRUIT The seed  and seed oil are used for intestinal worms and leprosy ( कुष्ठ रोग ).  They are also used for birth control and to cause abortions.  The N...
Read more

Interesting fact about Turmeric (Haldi)

Image
Scientific Name: Curcuma longa English Name: Turmeric Gujarati Name: Haldar Hindi Name: Haldi Turmeric has been used in Asia for thousand years and it is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Unani and the animistic rituals of Austronesian peoples. There is linguistic and circumstantial evidence of the spread and use of turmeric by the Austronesian people into Oceania and Madagascar . Curcuma longa is a flowering plant. It is belonging in to family Zingiberaceae . It is commonly called Turmeric, Haldi, Haldar.   The plant is a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous plant native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Plants are gathered each year for their rhizomes, some for propagation in the following season and some for consumption. That requires temperatures between 20 and 30 °C. and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. The greatest diversity of Turmeric ...
Read more